the forms of process

cīvīlis, e, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1:

conjuratio,

id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

bellum,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

bella,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1:

genus belli,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7:

facinus,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4:

discordia,

Sall. C. 5, 2:

dissensio,

id. J. 41 fin.:

discidii specie,

Tac. A. 14, 60:

irae,

id. ib. 1, 43:

acies,

Ov. M. 7, 142:

arma,

civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9:

aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47:

Mars,

Ov. H. 6, 35:

busta,

Prop. 2, 1, 27:

victoria,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.:

praeda,

id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.:

mos consuetudoque,

Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.

just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas,

id. N. D. 2, 31, 78:

facinus,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1:

clamor,

Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf.

robur,

id. 28, 44, 5:

curae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 17:

quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.),

Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day ( from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3:

amor (opp. to naturalis),

between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—

Esp.: jus civile.

In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.:

jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas,

Cic. Top. 2, 9:

sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc.,

id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.;

opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law:

ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat,

Cic. Top. 5, 28:

hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum),

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109;

opp. jus nationum,

id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18;

opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes,

id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—

In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law:

civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius),

Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.:

jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit,

Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.:

inteream si... novi civilia jura,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—

Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-:

scientia,

politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33:

quaestiones,

id. 2, 15, 36:

officia,

id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27:

civilium rerum peritus,

Tac. H. 2, 5:

mersor civilibus undis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, politikos, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—

Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy):

is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus,

Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.:

civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant,

id. 6, 22, 7.—

Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. koinos), demeaning one ' s self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.;

in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo?

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13:

sermo,

Liv. 6, 40, 15:

animus,

id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12:

parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum,

unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5:

et humano ingressu,

Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.:

incessu,

Plin. Pan. 83, 7:

civile ingenium, mira comitas,

Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3:

civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi,

id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1:

civilis circa amicos,

Eutr. 7, 13:

in cunctos,

id. 10, 16.— Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—

In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally):

agere,

Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—

(Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.— Comp.:

civilius,

Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.— Sup.:

civilissime,

Eutr. 7, 8.

Cīvīlis, is, m., a proper name, e. g. Julius Civilis, chief of the Batavi, Tac. H. 4, 13 sq.; abl. Civile, id. ib. 4, 35.

cīvīlis, e, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1:

conjuratio,

id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

bellum,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

bella,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1:

genus belli,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7:

facinus,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4:

discordia,

Sall. C. 5, 2:

dissensio,

id. J. 41 fin.:

discidii specie,

Tac. A. 14, 60:

irae,

id. ib. 1, 43:

acies,

Ov. M. 7, 142:

arma,

civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9:

aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47:

Mars,

Ov. H. 6, 35:

busta,

Prop. 2, 1, 27:

victoria,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.:

praeda,

id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.:

mos consuetudoque,

Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.

just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas,

id. N. D. 2, 31, 78:

facinus,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1:

clamor,

Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf.

robur,

id. 28, 44, 5:

curae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 17:

quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.),

Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day ( from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3:

amor (opp. to naturalis),

between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—

Esp.: jus civile.

In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.:

jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas,

Cic. Top. 2, 9:

sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc.,

id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.;

opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law:

ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat,

Cic. Top. 5, 28:

hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum),

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109;

opp. jus nationum,

id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18;

opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes,

id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—

In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law:

civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius),

Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.:

jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit,

Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.:

inteream si... novi civilia jura,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—

Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-:

scientia,

politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33:

quaestiones,

id. 2, 15, 36:

officia,

id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27:

civilium rerum peritus,

Tac. H. 2, 5:

mersor civilibus undis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, politikos, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—

Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy):

is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus,

Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.:

civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant,

id. 6, 22, 7.—

Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. koinos), demeaning one ' s self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.;

in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo?

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13:

sermo,

Liv. 6, 40, 15:

animus,

id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12:

parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum,

unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5:

et humano ingressu,

Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.:

incessu,

Plin. Pan. 83, 7:

civile ingenium, mira comitas,

Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3:

civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi,

id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1:

civilis circa amicos,

Eutr. 7, 13:

in cunctos,

id. 10, 16.— Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—

In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally):

agere,

Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—

(Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.— Comp.:

civilius,

Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.— Sup.:

civilissime,

Eutr. 7, 8.

Cīvīlis, is, m., a proper name, e. g. Julius Civilis, chief of the Batavi, Tac. H. 4, 13 sq.; abl. Civile, id. ib. 4, 35.

cīvīlis, e, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1:

conjuratio,

id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

bellum,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

bella,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1:

genus belli,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7:

facinus,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4:

discordia,

Sall. C. 5, 2:

dissensio,

id. J. 41 fin.:

discidii specie,

Tac. A. 14, 60:

irae,

id. ib. 1, 43:

acies,

Ov. M. 7, 142:

arma,

civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9:

aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47:

Mars,

Ov. H. 6, 35:

busta,

Prop. 2, 1, 27:

victoria,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.:

praeda,

id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.:

mos consuetudoque,

Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.

just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas,

id. N. D. 2, 31, 78:

facinus,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1:

clamor,

Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf.

robur,

id. 28, 44, 5:

curae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 17:

quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.),

Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day ( from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3:

amor (opp. to naturalis),

between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—

Esp.: jus civile.

In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.:

jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas,

Cic. Top. 2, 9:

sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc.,

id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.;

opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law:

ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat,

Cic. Top. 5, 28:

hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum),

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109;

opp. jus nationum,

id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18;

opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes,

id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—

In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law:

civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius),

Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.:

jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit,

Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.:

inteream si... novi civilia jura,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—

Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-:

scientia,

politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33:

quaestiones,

id. 2, 15, 36:

officia,

id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27:

civilium rerum peritus,

Tac. H. 2, 5:

mersor civilibus undis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, politikos, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—

Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy):

is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus,

Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.:

civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant,

id. 6, 22, 7.—

Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. koinos), demeaning one ' s self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.;

in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo?

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13:

sermo,

Liv. 6, 40, 15:

animus,

id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12:

parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum,

unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5:

et humano ingressu,

Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.:

incessu,

Plin. Pan. 83, 7:

civile ingenium, mira comitas,

Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3:

civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi,

id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1:

civilis circa amicos,

Eutr. 7, 13:

in cunctos,

id. 10, 16.— Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—

In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally):

agere,

Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—

(Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.— Comp.:

civilius,

Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.— Sup.:

civilissime,

Eutr. 7, 8.

Cīvīlis, is, m., a proper name, e. g. Julius Civilis, chief of the Batavi, Tac. H. 4, 13 sq.; abl. Civile, id. ib. 4, 35.

actĭo, ōnis, f. [ago], a doing, performing, acting, action, act.

In gen.:

non modo deos spoliat motu et actione divina, sed etiam homines inertes efficit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37; 2, 16;

virtutis laus omnis in actione consistit,

id. Off. 1, 6; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54.—With subject. gen.:

ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,

active, practical life, id. Off. 1, 5:

corporis,

id. Div. 1, 32:

mentis,

id. N. D. 1, 17; and with object. gen.: itaque nec actio rerum illarum ( the public performance of those things) apertā petulantiā vacat, id. ib. 1, 35, 127; ib. 1, 43:

actio ullius rei,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 108; and so plur.: periculosae rerum actiones sunt, Off. 1, 2, 4;

hence: actio gratiarum,

the giving of thanks, id. Fam. 10, 19 (cf.: gratias agere).—

Esp.

Public functions, civil acts, proceedings, or duties.

In gen., Cic. Fam. 9, 8:

tribunorum,

their official duties, Liv. 5, 11; so,

consularis,

id. 4, 55 al.:

actiones nostras scriptis mandamus,

Cic. Off. 2, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—Hence negotiation, deliberation:

discessu consulum actio de pace sublata est,

Cic. Att. 9. 9.—Esp.

Of judicial proceedings.

An action, suit, process ( in abstr.), with a gen. more precisely defining it, e. g. actio furti, injuriarum; also with de:

actio de repetundis, de arboribus succisis, etc.: actionem alicui intendere,

Cic. Mil. 14:

instituere,

to bring an action against one, id. Mur. 9: multis actiones ( processes, suits) et res ( the property in suit) peribant, Liv. 39, 18 al.—

The accusation ( in concr.), the statement of the crime, the indictment, charge, accusation:

Inde illa actio, OPE CONSILIOQVE TVO FVRTVM AIO FACTVM ESSE,

Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74; cf. id. Caecin. 3; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167.—Hence, in gen., judicial forms (the omission of which rendered a suit null and void): actiones Manilianae, forms relative to purchase and sale; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

Hostilianae,

ib. 1, 57, 245.—Hence,

A pleading of a case (spoken or written); so Cic. calls his Orats. against Verres, actiones, pleas, simply dividing them into actio prima and actio secunda:

actio causae,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 4;

actiones litium,

id. Phil. 9, 5, 11; so,

Suet. continuae actiones, Ner. 15: in prima parte actionis,

Quint. 10, 1, 20 al. —

Permission for a suit:

dare alicui actionem (which was the right or duty of the praetor or judge),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27.—

The judicial management of a suit, the trial, the day of trial:

prima, altera, tertia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 30; 2, 2, 6.—

Of an orator; the exterior air or bearing, the action, delivery: Demosthenem ferunt ei qui quaesivisset quid primum esset in dicendo, actionem;

quid secundum, idem et idem tertium respondisse,

Cic. Brut. 38; cf. id. de Or. 1, 18;

so that it often includes even the voice: actio ejus (Pompeii) habebat et in voce magnum splendorem et in motu summam dignitatem,

id. Brut. 68; cf. id. Or. 17:

est actio quasi sermo corporis,

id. de Or. 3, 59; cf. ib. 2, 17 al.—Hence, also —

Of an actor, action:

in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset,

id. de Or. 3, 26.—

In dramatic lang., the action, the connection or series of events, the plot, in a play:

habet enim (fabula) varios actus multasque actiones et consiliorum et temporum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6.

formŭla, ae, f. dim. [forma, I. B.], acc. to the different signiff. of forma.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) A fine form, beauty:

formula atque aetatula,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47.—

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 2.)

A small pattern, mould, last, acc. to which any thing is formed:

calcei,

Amm. 31, 2, 6.—

Transf., any thing made in a mould, a form, of cheese:

solidatae,

Pall. Mai. 9, 2. —

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 3.) A conduit, pipe of an aqueduct, Front. Aquaed. 36.—

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 4.) Jurid. t. t., a form, rule, method, formula for regulating judicial proceedings (the usual meaning; cf.:

norma, regula, praescriptum): ut stipulationum et judiciorum formulas componam?

Cic. Leg. 1, 4 fin.:

in testamentorum formulis, hoc est, in medio jure civili versari,

id. de Or. 1, 39 fin.; cf.

antiquae,

id. Brut. 52, 195:

postulationum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 147:

angustissima sponsionis,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

fiduciae,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

de dolo malo,

id. Off. 3, 14, 60:

illa gloria militaris vestris formulis atque actionibus anteponenda est,

id. Mur. 13, 29 init.:

sunt jura, sunt formulae de omnibus rebus constitutae,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24: a praetore postulat, ut sibi Quinctius judicatum solvi [p. 770] satis det ex formula:

QVOD AB EO PETAT, CVIVS EX EDICTO PRAETORIS BONA DIES XXX. POSSESSA SINT,

id. Quint. 8, 30:

quod in foro atrocitate formularum dijudicatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 37:

vis hanc formulam cognitionis esse, ut, etc.,

the rule of evidence on which the inquiry is conducted, Liv. 40, 12, 20.— On the formulae of actions, constituting a sort of code of procedure, v. Gai. Inst. 4, 30-48; and on the legal forms of the Romans in general, cf. Rein's Röm. Privatr. p. 440 sq.—

Transf.

In gen., for causa, a lawsuit, action, process (post-Aug.):

quid enim aliud agitis, cum eum, quem interrogatis, scientes in fraudem impellitis, quam ut formulā cecidisse videatur,

Sen. Ep. 48 fin.:

formulā cadere,

Quint. 3, 6, 69 (for which, in Cic., causā cadere):

formulā excidere,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Esp.:

for mula letalis,

a death-warrant, Amm. 14, 1, 3.—

Beyond the legal sphere.

In publicists' lang., any form of contract, covenant, agreement, regulation:

Acarnanas restituturum se in antiquam formulam jurisque ac dicionis eorum,

Liv. 26, 24, 6 Drak.:

citaverunt legatos, quaesiveruntque ab iis, ecquid milites ex formula paratos haberent?

id. 27, 10, 2 sq.:

aliquos in sociorum formulam referre,

id. 43, 6, 10:

(oppidum) Paracheloïda, quae sub Athamania esset, nullo iure Thessalorum formulae factam (= inique juris Thessalorum factum),

id. 39, 26, 2.—

In gen., a rule, principle:

ut sine ullo errore dijudicare possimus, si quando cum illo, quod honestum intelligimus, pugnare id videbitur, quod appellamus utile, formula quaedam constituenda est... erit autem haec formula Stoicorum rationi disciplinaeque maxime consentanea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 4, 19 sq.:

certa quaedam disciplinae formula,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

formulam exprimere,

id. Or. 11, 36:

cujusque generis nota et formula,

id. ib. 23, 75:

consuetudinis nostrae,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20.—

A condition, relation (post-Aug.):

natio redacta in formulam provinciae,

Vell. 2, 28, 1.